R1101 - Roadwork, earthmoving, paving streets, driveways; dam construction (excluding concrete work), dredging, breakwaters; earthwork incidental to bridge approaches, dragline work, bobcat work incidental to earthwork and land development

Operational Details
Road builders build, repair and maintain secondary and primary roads with paved surfaces. Engineers are contracted and permits taken out with the proper government authorities and approvals are given to build roads, according to engineered plans. Land surveys are completed, providing the route and terrain to be put into a roadway. Initial clearing of trees and brush are undertaken, using bull dozers, brushing machines, and power saws. Where there is too much earth it is moved and placed in areas that require building up to provide a stable flat road surface. Turnapulls, earth moving machines, backhoes, excavators, loaders and push cats are used. Then the road bed is prepared, which includes placing rock and coarse gravel on the surface. Culverts and bridges are built where needed and the area adjacent to the road is ditched, to provide a place for the water runoff.

Tractors, with pull-type packers and self-propelled packers, compact the roadbed. Gravel is hauled and laid out through the entire course of the road. Graders finally remove debris, loose rocks and ridges from the road, making a smooth surface. Power shovels and draglines may also be used where the water table is high and the roads must be built through muskeg and wetlands. Larger road builders usually do not repair or maintain roads. However, small contractors, when there is down time, will incidentally repair or maintain roads by grading or fixing washouts , etc.

The hauling of gravel, and operating a gravel crusher in conjunction with road construction is also part of the overall operations. However, if undertaken as a business unto itself, the hauling and crushing is classified with gravel work in the same sub class.

Larger road builders often have their own trucks for hauling their equipment and incidentally will back haul other contractors equipment. When it is done in conjunction with the overall operations, it is part of this industry. Included in the operation is the repair of equipment. Some may have large repair facilities and a storage yard. Some road builders may have mobile repair trucks that travel to the worksite to effect repairs there.

When a primary road is being built, and the road building contractor does not have a paving capability, a paving contractor is hired to pave the roadway. A paving contractor operates heavy paving and surfacing equipment, and lays, spreads, and compacts asphalt and other surface materials. Paving is also done in urban areas, including residential driveways and back alleys.

Dam construction is undertaken, using much of the same equipment as used in road construction. The exception is that earth removal is done using power shovels and draglines. The hauling of debris, rock, sand and earth is done by large capacity truck hauling equipment. (Similar to that used in open pit and strip mining applications). These vehicles are used off-highway and basically operate within the worksite, with incidental hauling to adjacent areas. The actual construction of the dam, using concrete products, is undertaken by concrete contractors.

Dredging is undertaken to deepen waterways or reclaim earth fill. This is accomplished using power shovels and/or draglines. Spreading of the earth may be done using caterpillar tractors or earth moving equipment. Breakwaters are constructed, using rock fill, to avoid soil erosion and to control the effect of the water current.

Bridge approaches are prepared by road builders. This entails building up earthen material with rocks and gravel to form a solid approach on either side of a chasm, canyon, creek, river or canal, so that bridge supports and decking can be installed. Steel or concrete approaches are constructed by those in the bridge construction industry.

Bobcat work, done in conjunction with road construction refers to the smaller mobile pieces of equipment that are used in parking lot, driveway and other restrictive area applications. It is also done where there are low volumes of earth or debris to be removed. A bobcat, may also be referred to as a skid steer.

Land development is done using heavy equipment to prepare and divide residential or commercial lots for sale. This will include land clearing, excavating, trenching, earthmoving etc... Land developers may hire contract engineers and other professionals to work on various aspects of the land development. Developers will consult with regulating authorities, provincial and federal governments to ensure that the development proposal meets all the requirement .

SIC Codes
000000620 - Roadwork, earthmoving, paving
000000626 - Bobcat work
000000622 - Dredging
000000623 - Breakwaters
000000625 - Dragline work
000000624 - Earthwork
land development
000000621 - Dam construction